Daco-Romanian (the official language of Romania and Moldova) and Istro-Romanian (a language spoken by no more than 2,000 people in Istria) descended from the northern dialect. Most scholars agree that two major dialects developed from Common Romanian by the 10th century. According to the "continuity theory", the venue of the development of Proto-Romanian included the lands now forming Romania (to the north of the Danube), the opposite "immigrationist" theory says that Proto-Romanian was spoken in the lands to the south of the Danube and Romanian-speakers settled in most parts of modern Romania only centuries after the fall of the Danube frontier to the Slavs. Other regions- Banat, western Muntenia, Oltenia and Transylvania-formed the Roman province of Dacia Traiana for about 170 years.
Most regions where Romanian is now widely spoken- Bessarabia, Bukovina, Crișana, Maramureș, Moldova, and significant parts of Muntenia-were not incorporated in the Roman Empire. Roman inscriptions show that Latin was primarily used to the north of the so-called Jireček Line (a hypothetical boundary between the predominantly Latin- and Greek-speaking territories of the Balkan Peninsula in the Roman Empire), but the exact territory where Proto-Romanian (or Common Romanian) developed cannot certainly be determined. Romanian descended from the Vulgar Latin spoken in the Roman provinces of Southeastern Europe. Main articles: Eastern Romance languages, Proto-Romanian language, Eastern Romance substratum, Slavic superstratum in Romanian, List of Romanian words of possible Dacian origin, and Origin of the Romanians Numerous immigrant Romanian speakers live scattered across many other regions and countries worldwide, with large populations in Italy, Spain, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. Romanian is also known as Moldovan in Moldova, although the Constitutional Court of Moldova ruled in 2013 that "the official language of the republic is Romanian". To distinguish it within the Eastern Romance languages, in comparative linguistics it is called Daco-Romanian as opposed to its closest relatives, Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian. Romanian is a part of the Eastern Romance sub-branch of Romance languages, a linguistic group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin which separated from the Western Romance languages in the course of the period from the 5th to the 8th centuries. It is an official and national language of both Romania and Moldova and is one of the official languages of the European Union. According to another estimate, there are about 34 million people worldwide who can speak Romanian, of whom 30 million speak it as a native language. 'in Romanian') is an Eastern Romance language spoken by approximately 22–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language. Romanian (obsolete spellings: Rumanian or Roumanian autonym: limba română ( listen), or românește, lit. A Romanian speaker (with a Transylvanian accent), recorded in Romania
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